Temas para 5to de Sec.

v TOO AND ENOUGH

Enough goes after adjectives and adverbs...like this:

adjective + enough

I can't wear this. It's not big enough for me.

I don't want to get married yet. I am not old enough.

He is not imaginative enought I am afraid.

adverb + enough

I am not working hard enough to pay the rent this year.

I didn't feel well enough to go to work yesterday.

We didn't drive quickly enough to get there by four.

noun + enough

We don't have enough money this month.

There aren't enough chairs in the house for the meeting.

You can't get that job. You haven't enough experience.

The word too can be used in many different ways. Read the examples below and you will get familiar with it's use.

Structures:

too + adjective

too + adjective + for somebody /something

too + adjective + for somebody/algo + infinitive with to

This shirt is too big. I need something smaller

That car is too expensive.

This shirt is too big for me. I need something smaller

That car is too expensive for us.

This shirt is too big for me to wear.

That car is too expensive for us to buy.

v The Present Perfect Tense and the Simple Past Tense

	The present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished:	I have seen three movies this week. (This week has not finished yet.)
	The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished:	I saw three movies last week. (Last week has finished.)
	The present perfect is often used when giving recent news:	Martin has crashed his car again. (This is new information.)
	The simple past is used when giving older information:	Martin crashed his car last year. (This is old information.)
	The present perfect is used when the time is not specific:	I have seen that movie already. (We don't know when.)
	The simple past is used when the time is clear:	I saw that movie on Thursday. (We know exactly when.)
	The present perfect is used with for and since, when the actions have not finished yet:	I have lived in Victoria for five years. (I still live in Victoria.)
	The simple past is used with for and since, when the actions have already finished:	I lived in Victoria for five years. (I don't live in Victoria now.)

v  GERUNDS AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE

Any activity that can be expressed with the "ing" form of a verb can be the subject of a sentence.
All gerunds can be the subject of a sentence.

Breathing is necessary.
Driving a car requires good vision.
Helping other people feels good.

v Infinitive or Gerund

¿A QUÉ HACEMOS REFERENCIA? Nos referimos a cuándo utilizar un infinitivo y cuándo utilizar un gerundio después de otro verbo, es decir, las reglas que determinan cuándo utilizar uno u otro. to walk walking * Recuerda que hay casos en los que se pueden utilizar ambas formas. A veces esas dos estructuras son completamente intercambiables, pero en otros casos el significado cambia dependiendo de la estructura elegida. ¿CUÁNDO USAMOS EL INFINITIVO? El infinitivo se utiliza cuando va seguido de ciertos verbos como want, forget, need, prepare, expect, etc. Yo quiero ir al campo. I want to go to the country. Por otro lado, se utiliza cuando está situado detrás de adjetivos o adverbios. Eso es difícil de recordar That is difficult to remember. * Recuerda que esto mismo sucede si estos adjetivos o adverbios van acompañados de las partículas 'too' y 'enough'. Eso es demasiado difícil de recordar That is too difficult to remember. Vamos a utilizar el infinitivo en el caso de que el verbo principal esté acompañando de un pronombre objeto. Me dijo que abriera la puerta. He told me to open the door. ¿CUÁNDO USAMOS EL GERUNDIO? El gerundio también lo utilizamos principalmente cuando va seguido de otro grupo de verbos como admit, avoid, consider, suggest, mind, imagine, etc. Mi hermano sugirió ir al campo. My brother suggested going to the country. Por otro lado, el gerundio siempre se utiliza cuando va seguido de una preposición, es decir, todo verbo seguido de preposición debe ir en-ing. Ellos fueron después de ir al cine. They went after going to the cinema. Además, cuando la frase comienza con un verbo que hace de sujetotambién utilizamos un gerundio. Escuchar música es mi hobby preferido. Listening to music is my favourite hobby. Por ultimo, el gerundio se utiliza mucho en prohibiciones o carteles con mensajes cortos. Prohibido aparcar. No parking. ¿CUÁNDO SE UTILIZAN INDISTINTAMENTE? Existe un grupo de verbos que nos permiten utilizar ambas estructuras indistintamente, es decir, sin cambiar el significado. Entre estos verbos encontramos begin, intend, start, pefer, etc. Ella empezó a estudiar francés. She began learning French. / She began to learn French. *1También se utiliza con verbos como 'like', 'hate' o 'love'. Sin embargo es mucho más común ver la estructura con gerundio. *2La diferencia en muchos casos está que cuando hablamos en general utilizamos el gerundio (I.e. I like playing tennis) y cuando hablamos de situaciones específicas utilizamos el infinitivo (I.e. I hate to swim here). ¿CUÁNDO CAMBIA EL SIGNIFICADO? Con otro grupo de verbos también podemos utilizar ambas estructuras, pero el significado cambia. Entre este tipo de verbos encontramos remember, try, stop y forget. Él intentóabrir la ventana. He triedto open the window. Él probóa abrir la ventana. He triedopening the window. ¿QUÉ DEBO RECORDAR? Los puntos importantes que debemos recordar son los siguientes: Recuerda que en la sección de 'Verb Patterns' hemos visto otros aspectos a tener en cuenta con respecto a este tema. Distinguir entre una forma y otra en muchos casos puede resultar difícil, pero el uso va a ser el mejor aliado para aprender cómo utilizar esta estructura de manera correcta.

Temas para el examen bimestral

1ro de sec.

1.       Sentences in present continuous (positive and negative)

Example: the boy is swimming

                  The boy is not swimming = The boy isn’t swimming

2.       Sentences with can and can’t

Example: she can play the piano.

                  He  can speak english.

Questions with can

Example: can she play the piano?

3.       Daily routines in the morning and afternoon

Examples:

I have breakfast  at 7:20 a.m

I have lunch at 3:10 p.m

4.       Sentences in simple present (negative and positive)

He goes to school everyday

He doesn’t go to school everyday

Questions in simple present

Do you go tyo school everyday?

Does he go to school everyday?

2do sec.

1.       Sentences and questions in present perfect

2.       Will and going to

3.       Should and shouldn’t (sentences and questions)

4.       MUST or MUSN’T

5.       Comparatives

3ro de sec.

1.       Passive voice (present – past – future)

2.       infinitive phrase

3.       change active voice into passive voice

4.       collocations

4to de sec.

1.       Antonyms

2.       relative pronoun (who, which, whose)

3.       Real Conditional

4.       sentences with modals:

Must - May - Should  -  Could

5.      Defining or Non-defining Relative clause

5to sec.

1.      GERUNDS or INFINITIVES

2.      Sentences with GERUND AS A SUBJECT

3.      Sentences in present perfect

4.      Sentences with too and enough